“Menstruation” is the lining of the uterine cavity that is shed every month in women. Normally, women of reproductive age will have a menstrual cycle every 21-35 days, and each cycle lasts about 2-7 days. If your menstrual period is irregular or has any abnormalities, it may be a warning sign of a problem with your reproductive system.

What is abnormal vaginal bleeding?

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Surasit Chaithongwongwattana, a doctor in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Chulalongkorn Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, stated that abnormal vaginal bleeding can be divided into 2 groups of patients: those who should not be menstruating yet, such as children or teenage girls who have not yet menstruated, and those women who are menopausal. In these two groups, if there is vaginal bleeding, it is considered abnormal.

For women of reproductive age, abnormal menstrual bleeding may occur as follows:

1. Menstrual blood is heavier than normal, both in terms of volume and duration.
2. There is bleeding outside of the menstrual cycle. 

Causes of abnormal vaginal bleeding

1. Ovarian dysfunction
2. Use birth control hormones or female hormone replacement during menopause.
3. Complications during pregnancy
4. Reproductive tract infections, such as uterine fibroids, which are common, as well as cervical cancer or endometrial cancer, which are common in postmenopausal women.

If you experience abnormal vaginal bleeding, you should see a doctor.

1. Women who are not menstruating (not yet or have stopped) but have vaginal bleeding. Such as in children or postmenopausal women.
2. A woman of reproductive age who has a normal menstrual period but also has bleeding outside of her menstrual period or bleeding after sexual intercourse.
3. Having a heavier amount of menstrual blood or a longer period of menstruation. As can be observed from using more than 4 soaked sanitary pads per day or having menstruation for more than 7 days in each cycle, which can cause fatigue and exhaustion after menstruation due to anemia.

Diagnosis when there is abnormal vaginal bleeding

The doctor will take a medical history of your symptoms to find the cause. In some cases where there is bleeding after intercourse. The doctor may request a pelvic examination and may need to do a Pap smear to screen for cervical cancer (it is recommended to be done every 2-3 years in the non-risk group, but in the risk group, such as those with HIV infection, the doctor will recommend an annual examination).

In some cases, the doctor may request to examine the lining of the uterus by performing a D&C or taking cells from the uterus for examination. In สมัคร ufabet cases where the doctor may suspect that there is a risk of tumors. The doctor may request an ultrasound, also known as a high-frequency sound wave examination. In cases where hormone levels are to be tested. The doctor may request a blood test. In addition to testing hormone levels, the doctor can also check for anemia.

Treatment of abnormal vaginal bleeding

If the symptoms are caused by abnormal ovarian function, the doctor may consider prescribing medication to control the ovaries. However, if there is a tumor in the uterus or cancer of the reproductive system, treatment may include surgery or radiation therapy.

For those who have abnormal vaginal bleeding, you can consult with an obstetrician at a general hospital near your home or contact the gynecology clinic, 7th floor, Bhumibol Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society.